Hazrat Umar RA Ki Hijrat
TAG: Hazrat Umar Farooq
Sayyiduna Umar Farooq (RA) The Second Caliph Of Islam
Election
Before he passed away, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) consulted the senior Sahaba and elected Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) as the second Caliph of the Muslims.
Early Life
He was the son of Khattab and is famous in Islamic history as “Al Farooq” or “One who Distinguishes between Right and Wrong.” His acceptance of Islam is also very famous.
As Caliph
Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) was a very brave and straightforward person. He was tough and uncompromising in Islamic principles. He was a great and talented ruler. During his Khilaafat, vast areas of the Roman and Persian empires and the whole of Egypt were brought under Islamic rule. He was also a gifted orator. He was very concerned for the welfare of the Muslims. He left a honorable legacy for Muslims after him. The Holy Quran was given to him by Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) for safekeeping.
Appoints New Commander
Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anu) was a strong disciplinarian. He noticed the tremendous popularity of Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu). He felt that people will lose trust in Almighty Allah and put all their trust in Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu). He feared that the people may think too highly of him, thereby possibly increasing the self-esteem of Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) which would also breed arrogance, so he removed Sayyiduna Khalid (radi Allahu anhu) and appointed Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah (radi Allahu anhu) as the Commander in Chief of the Muslim army.
Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) happily accepted the orders of Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) and then served as an ordinary soldier. This is an example of the Islamic teachings of obedience to leadership!
Defeat Of The Persians
Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) had left Sayyiduna Muthanna (radi Allahu anhu) in command of the Muslim forces on the Iraqi front when he rushed to Yarmuk. Sayyiduna Muthanna (radi Allahu anhu) was finding it difficult to counter the enemy and went personally to Madinatul Munawwarah to ask Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) for reinforcements. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) had by that time passed away.
Sayyiduna Muthanna (radi Allahu anhu’s) absence from the Iraqi front made things worse there. The Iranians regrouped under the command of Rustam and recaptured the lands taken by the Muslims. Rustam sent 2 columns of his army, one to Hirah and the other to Kaskar.
Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) sent Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah (radi Allahu anhu), as Commander, to deal with the situation. Both the Persian columns were defeated. Rustam sent an even larger army and defeated the Muslims.
Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) raised another army and defeated the Persians. But the Persian court sent yet another larger army and forced Sayyiduna Muthanna (radi Allahu anhu) to withdraw. The report of the new situation was sent to Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) and reinforcements under the command of Sayyiduna Saad bin Abi Waqas (radi Allahu anhu) were sent.
The Persian and Muslim armies met at Qadisiyah. After a long battle on several fronts, the outnumbered Muslim army defeated the 120000 Persian soldiers and recaptured Hirah and their areas in the year 14 A.H. (636 C.E).
Defeat Of The Romans
Muslims laid siege to Damascus during Sayyiduna Abu Bakr’s (radi Allahu anhu’s) rule as Caliph. It continued, after he passed away, and lasted 70 days during the rule of Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu). After the long siege, Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) took the Romans by surprise and entered the city. The Governor surrendered and a peace treaty was signed.
Conquest Of Jerusalem
Meanwhile, Sayyiduna Amr ibn As (radi Allahu anhu) was laying siege to Jerusalem. Sayyiduna Khalid, Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah and other Sahaba (radi Allahu anhumul ajma’in) also joined him. The Christians had little hope and decided to give in. They also suggested that the keys of Jerusalem be given to Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) himself personally. Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) went to Jerusalem. An agreement was signed that guaranteed the safety of the city and the safety of the Christians.
Assassination
A Persian non-Muslim, named Firoz and nicknamed “Abu Lulu,” complained to Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) about his master, Sayyiduna Mughirah bin Shuba (radi Allahu anhu), who imposed tax on him. Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) told Firoz that the tax was reasonable. This made Firoz angry.
The next day, during the Fajr Salah, he stabbed Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) 6 times in the back, severely wounding the Caliph. Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) passed away 3 days later in 23 A.H. He was 63 years old. He ruled the Islamic State for 10 years, 6 months and 4 days.
Reforms
In a short space of 10 years, Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) had been well-known for his outstanding achievements and reforms in Islam. Some of these reforms were:-
- He established the “Baitul Maal” (People’s Treasury for the state and public).
- Judicial courts of Justice were set in the country. Judges and Magistrates handled all cases.
- Establishment of an army headquarters for the defense of the country.
- Construction of roads and canals.
- Schools were established. Salaries for Imams, Mu’azzins, and Ustaads were organized.
- Masjids were improved and built-in Makkatul Mukarramah and Madinatul Munawwarah. This included facilities for the Haajis.
- Police Stations and prisons were built.
- The establishment of the first Islamic Lunar calendar began from the Hijrah.
- Proper weights and measures were introduced.
- Population census established.
- Built orphanages and welfare homes.
- Established a proper punishment system and banned slavery.
Personal Life
Simplicity and devotion were the main characteristics of Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu). He used to wear clothes that had many patches and yet received Governors, convoys, and diplomats. He took just enough allowance from the State to have a simple meal and wear simple clothes. At times he was very poor. He used to visit the old people and sick and even do their housework. He used to visit the houses of the soldiers and inquire about their families. He stayed awake at night in Salah and often kept Fast. He always supported and upheld the cause of Islam, with his wisdom, energy, dynamism, bravery, and little wealth.
Khalifa Doam Hazrat Umer Farooq (RA)
Khalifa Doam Hazrat Umer Farooq (RA)
Jubayr ibn Mut’im Ka Qabool e Islam
Jubayr ibn Mut’im Ka Qabool e Islam
The Leaders Of The People Of Paradise
(i) The Leaders of the Men
A number of the Sahabah, including ‘Ali ibn Abi Taalib, Anas ibn Maalik, Abu Hudhayfah, Jaabir ibn ‘Abdullaah, and Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri reported that the Messenger (saw) said, “Abu Bakr and ‘Umar will be the leaders of men of Paradise from the earlier and later generations.” [Silsilat al-Hadith as-Saheehah, 12/487, no. 824]
(ii) The Leaders of the Youth
at-Tirmidhi, al-Haakim, at-Tabaraani, Ahmad, and others reported that Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri said, that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said, “Hasan and Husayn are the leaders of the youth of Paradise”. This is proven by so many reports that reach the level of tawatur. [see also the narration from Hudhayfah and from ‘Abdullaah ibn ‘Umar in Ibn ‘Asaakir – Silsilat al-Hadith as-Saheehah, no. 797]
(iii) The Leaders of the Women
The true female leader is the one with whom her Rabb is pleased and whose deeds He accepts. The best women are those who attain the Paradise of delights. The women of Paradise are of different levels, and the Messenger (saw) told us about their leaders:
“The Messenger of Allah (saw) drew four lines and said, “Do you know what these are?” They said, “Allah and His Messenger know best.” He said, “The best women of Paradise are Khadeejah bint Khuwaylid, Faatimah bint Muhammad, Maryam bint ‘Imraan and Aasiyah bin Muzahim, the wife of Fir’awn” [Silsilat al-Hadith as-Saheehah, 4/13, no. 1508, from Ahmad at-Tahhaawi, al-Haakim from Ibn ‘Abbaas, saheeh]
Maryam and Khadeejah are the best of the four – “The best of its women is Maryam and the best of its women is Khadeejah” [from ‘Ali in al-Bukhaari, Kitaab Manaaqib al-Ansaar, Fath al-Baari, 7/133] – and Maryam is the “First Lady” – “The leaders of the women of Paradise, AFTER Maryam bint ‘Imraan will be..” [Silsilat al-Hadith as-Saheehah, 3/410, no. 1424, from Jaabir in at-Tabaraani, saheeh]. The reason why Maryam is considered the best of all women is clearly stated in the Qur’an:
“Behold! the angels said, “O Maryam! Allah has chosen you and purified you, chosen you above the women of all nations.” [3:42]
How could she not be the best of women when Allah has clearly stated that,
“..her Rabb accepted her with a goodly acceptance. He made her to grow in a good manner”. [3:37]
These four women are beautiful examples of perfect, righteous women. Maryam, the daughter of ‘Imran, is praised by Allah in the Qur’an:
“And Maryam, daughter of Imran, who guarded her chastity; and We breather into [the sleeve of her shirt/garment] through Our Ruh [i.e. Jibreel] and she testified to the truth of the Words of her Rabb, and [also believed in] His Scriptures and she was one of the Qaaniteen [obedient to Allah]” [66:12]
Khadeejah as-Siddeeqah believed in the Messenger (saw) without hesitation; she consoled and supported him in every way. Her Rabb gave her the good news, during her lifetime, of a place in Paradise in which there would be no noise or exhaustion [al-Bukhaari, Kitaab al-Manaaqib, Fath al-Baari, 7/133]
Aasiyah the wife of Fir’awn, despised the power and luxuries of this world and rejected Pharaoh and his false claims of divinity. Hence, her husband tortured her until her soul departed to her Creator:
“And Allah sets forth an example for those who believe, the wife of Pharaoh, when she said, “My Rabb! Build for me a home with You in Paradise, and save me from Pharaoh and his works, and save me from the Dhaalimoon [those that do wrong]” [66:11].
Faatimah az-Zahraa, the daughter of the Prophet (saw), was patient, forbearing, and feared Allah. She was a branch from the pure tree, brought up by the educator of humanity.
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Haqeeqi Inqilab
Mufti Muhammad Muneeb-ur-Rehman
Umar Ibn Al Khattab Radiallahu Taala Anhu Loves The Ahle Bayt
Hazrat Umar E Farooq is regarded Highly in the Ummah after Syaddina Abu Bakr Siddique Radi Allahu taala anhu
The Holy Prophet said If there were a prophet after me it would be Hazrat Umar E Farooq Radi Allahu taala anhu.
Following is how Hazrat Umar E Farooq regarded the Ahle Bayt
Sayaddina Umar E Farooq radiallahu taala anhu narrates how the Holy Prophet used to regard his beloved daughter
Umar bin Khattab (radiallahu taala anhu ) (also) narrates that the Holy Prophet Sallalaahu Alaihi wasallam used to say to Fatimah (radiallahu taala anhu), “(Oh Fatimah!) My mother and father be sacrificed for you.”
Shawkani said in Darr-us-sahabah fi manaqib al – qarabah was-sahabah (p. 279)
Hakim narrated it in al -Mustadrak
Umar (raadiallahu taala anhu) narrates, “I heard the Holy Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam say, ‘The family tree of the children of every woman is attributed to their father except for Fatimah’s(radiallahu tala anhu) children. I am their family and I am their father. ‘”
1. Tabarani, al -Mujam-ul-kabir (3:44#2631)
2. Ahmad bin Hambal, Fadai l-us-sahabah (2:626#1070)
3. Haythami, Majma-uz-zawaid (4:224)
4. Haythami, Majma-uz-zawaid (6:301
Sayadina Umar E Farooq Radi Allahu taala anhu narrates the relationship of the five to the Holy Prophet Muhammed Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam
Umar bin Khattab (radiallahu taala anhu) states, “I heard the Messenger of Allah say, ‘Except for my family and my relationship, every family and relationship will be broken on the Day of Judgement.’”
1. Hakim, al-Mustadrak (3:153#4684)
2. Ahmad bin Hambal, Fadail -us-sahabah (2:625, 626#1069, 1070)
3. Ahmad bin Hambal narrat ed it i n Fadail -us-sahabah
(2:758#1333) through Miswar bin Makhramah as well.
4. Bazzar, al-Musnad (1:397#274)
5. Tabarani, al -Mujam-ul-kabir (3:44,45#2633, 2634)
6. Tabarani, al -Mujam-ul-awsat (5:376#5606)
7. Tabarani, al -Mujam-ul-awsat (6:357#6609)
8. Daylami, al -Fi rdaus bi mathur al -khitab (3:255#4755)
9. Maqdasi, al -Ahadith-ul -mukhtarah (1:198#102)
10. Haythami said i n Majma-uz-zawaid (9:173) Tabarani
narrated it in al-Awsat and al -Kabir and its chain of
transmitters is thiqah (trustworthy).
Once Sayiddina Umar E Farooq Radi Allahu taala anhu was said about the purified five on the Day of Judgement. and the following is what he said
Umar bin Khattab (Radhi Allahu taala anhu) narrates that the Holy Prophet(Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam) said, “Indeed, Fatima, Ali, Hasan, and Husain(may Allah be pleased with them all) will live in a white dome in Paradise. The Throne of Rahman will be its roof .”
1. Ibn Asakir, Tari kh Dimi shq al -kabi r (14:61)
2. Hindi, Kanz-ul -ummal (12:98#34167)
Sayadina Umar E Farooq Radi Allahu taala anhu Congratulated Ali Al Murtuza (radiallahu taala anhu on the Great event of Ghadeer Ul Khulm) when the Holy Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam declared the beginning of Wilayat
“It is narrated by Bara’ bin ‘Azib(radiallahu taala anhu): We were on a journey with Allah’s Messenger. (On the way) we stayed at Ghadir Khum. There it was announced that the prayer was about to be offered. The space under two trees was cleaned for Allah’s Messenger. Then he offered the zuhr (noon) prayer, and, holding ‘Ali’s(radiallahu taala anhu) hand, he said: Don’t you know that I am even nearer than the lives of the believers? They said: Why not! He said: Don’t you know that I am even nearer than the life of every believer? They said: Why not! The narrator says that he said while holding ‘Ali’ s hand: One who has me as his master has ‘Ali as his master. O, Allah! Befriend the one who befriends him (‘Ali) and be the enemy of one who is his enemy. The narrator says that after this ‘Umar ( bin al-Khattab(radiallahu taala anhu) met ‘Ali(radiallahu taala anhu) and said to him: O Ibn Abi Talib! Congratulations, you have become the master of every male and female believer, morning and evening (forever).”
Ahmad bin Hambal related it from Bara’ bin ‘Azib through two different chains of transmission in al-Musnad (4:281);
Ibn Abi Shaybah, al-Musannaf (12:78 # 12167);
Muhib Tabari, Dhakha’irul-‘uqba fi manaqib dhawi al-qurba (p.125),
ar-Riyad-un-nadrah fi manaqib-il-‘ashrah (3:126, 127);
Hindi, Kanz-ul-‘ummal (13:133, 134 # 36420);
Ibn ‘Asakir, Tarikh Dimashq al-kabir (5:167, 168);
Ibn Athir, Asad-ul-ghabah (4:103);
and Ibn Kathir in al-Bidayah wan-nihayah (4:169; 5:464).
Note the phrase in the following hadith where Hazrat Umar E Farooq(radiallahu taala anhu) Congratulated Ali Al Murtuza (radiallahu taala anhu)
‘Umar ( bin al-Khattab(radiallahu taala anhu) met ‘Ali(radiallahu taala anhu) and said to him: O Ibn Abi Talib! Congratulations, you have become the master of every male and female believer, morning and evening (forever).”
Ahmad bin Hambal in his book Fada’il-us-sahabah (2:610 # 1042)
has added the following words in the tradition related to ‘Umar bin al-Khattab.
The Prophet said: (O Allah!) Be the enemy of one who is his (‘Ali’s) enemy, and help him who helps him, and love him who loves him. Shu‘bah says that the Prophet said in its place, “Bear malice towards him who bears malice towards (‘Ali).”
Manawi has written that when Abu Bakr and ‘Umar had heard the Prophet’s saying — One who has me as his master has ‘Ali as his master — they said to ‘Ali: O son of Abu Talib! You have become the master of every male and female believer, morning and evening (forever).”
Manawi has written in Fayd-ul-Qadir (6:217)
Dhahabi has said in Siyar a‘lam-in-nubala’ that ‘Umar uttered the words:
O ‘Ali! Congratulations
Dhahabi has said in Siyar a‘lam-in-nubala’ (2:623, 624)
“AbuHurayrah has narrated that one who fasted on 18 Dhul-hijjah will receive a reward equal to 60 months of fasting. This was the day of Ghadir Khum when the Prophet, holding ‘Ali bin Abi Talib’s hand, said: Am I not the guardian of the believers? They said: why not, O Messenger of Allah! He said: One who has me as his master has ‘Ali as his master. At this, ‘Umar bin al-Khattab said: congratulations! O Ibn Abi Talib! You are my master and (the master of ) every Muslim. (On this occasion) Allah revealed this verse: Today, I have perfected your religion for you.”
1. Qur’an (al-Ma’idah, the Table spread) 5:3.
2. Khatib Baghdadi related it in Tarikh Baghdad (8:290);
3 Wahidi,Asbab-un-nuzul (p.108); Razi, at-Tafsir-ul-kabir (11:139);
4. Ibn ‘Asakir, Tarikh Dimashq al-kabir (45:176,177); Ibn Kathir, al
Umar E Farooq Radi Allahu taala anhu Respected Hazrat Fathima radiallahu taala anhu highly
Umar bin Khattab says that he went to the house of Fatimah the daughter of the Messenger of Allah and said, “Oh Fatimah! I swear by Allah that I have not seen anyone who is dearer to the Messenger of Allah than you. I swear by Allah that nobody is dearer to me than you after your father”
1. Hakim, al-Mustadrak (3:168#4736)
2. Ibn Abi Shaybah, al -Musannaf (7:432#37045)
3. Shaybani, al -Aahad wal -mathani (5:360#2952)
4. Ahmad bin Hambal, Fadai l-us-sahabah (1:364#532)
5. Khat ib Baghdadi, Tarikh Baghdad (4:401)
Hazrat Umar E Farooq Radi Allahu taala anhu regarded Hazrat Ali radiallahu taala anhu as his Maula after the Ghadeer declaration
“It is narrated by ‘Umar that once a person had an argument with him. He said: the man sitting here will decide between you and me, and he pointed towards ‘Ali. That man said: this pot-bellied person (will decide between us)! ‘Umar rose from his seat, caught him by the collar, and lifted him from the ground. Then he said: Do you know that the person you consider worthless is my master as well as the master of every Muslim.”
1. Muhib Tabari has said in ar-Riyad-un-nadrah fi manaqib-il-‘ashrah (3:128) that Ibn Samman has documented this narration
“It is narrated by ‘Umar that two Bedouins came to him disputing with each other. He said to ‘Ali: O Abu Hasan: decide between these two. So he decided between them (and settled their dispute). One of them said: Is he the only one left to decide between us? (At this) ‘Umar moved towards him and caught him by his collar and said: May you be dead! Do you know who he is? He is my master and the master of every believer ( and) one who does not acknowledge him as his master is not a believer.”
1. Muhib Tabari has narrated this tradition in Dhakha’ir-ul-‘uqba fi manaqib dhaw-il-qurba (p.126), and says that Ibn Samman mentioned it in his book al-Muwafaqah. He also narrated it in ar-Riyad-un-nadrah fi manaqib-il-‘ashrah (3:128).
Umar said: that one who has Allah’s Messenger as his master has ‘Ali as his master.
“ Salim narrates: ‘Umar was asked why he always treated ‘Ali differently from other Companions. (At this) ‘Umar replied: Indeed that ( ‘Ali) is my master .”
1. Related by Muhib Tabari in ar-Riyad-un-nadrah fi manaqib-il-‘ashrah (3:128).
Ibn ‘Asakir narrated it in Tarikh Dimashq al-Kabir (45:178).
Few people particularly the Shia have fabricated stories about Hazrat Umar radiallahu taala anhu Slapping bibi fathimatuz zuhra radiallahu taala anhu, and other stories about him burning their houses, etc, All these are fake as you can see from these References how he regarded the Ahle Bayt, the people from the Wilayat began, The Ahle Bayt.
People should understand that there are two legacies of the Holy Prophet Muhammed Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam , one is the Spiritual Legacy and saintism which continued from the Progeny of the Holy Prophet Muhammed Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam, and then to Awliya.
And the other legacy is outwardly, The Legacy of Dominion which continued through the Rightly Guided Khalifas beginning from Syedina Abu Bakr Siddique Radi Allahu taala anhu
Both the legatees gave support to each other wholeheartedly
Tanveer Pasha
Hazrat Umar Farooq (R.A) Ka Qissa
Alnaas Ma’aden
by Mufti Muneeb-ur-Rehman