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Zina: The Easy Option

All praise is due to Allah, the One Who says:
[And do not come near to the unlawful sexual intercourse.]
(Al-Israa 17:32)

And peace and blessings be upon His slave and Messenger Muhammad, who said, “When a man commits fornication, faith departs from him and there is something like a canvas roof over his head; and when he quits that action, faith returns to him”
(Abu Dawud 40:4673).

Undoubtedly, all Muslims are aware of the prohibition of adultery and fornication. However, many of us live in a Western society where this crime has become widespread and commonly accepted. This crime has even crept into some Muslim homes to the extent that we find some who are proud to see their son entering the house with a girl accompanying him.

This article will define adultery and fornication in Islam; it will discuss the punishment for them and the status of one’s marriage to one who commits either of them, and it will advise how to repent and how to protect yourself from them.

In today’s English, unlawful sexual intercourse by a married person is called adultery; sexual intercourse by an unmarried person is called fornication. Unlike English, Arabic has only one word for both cases — zina.

Throughout the history of religions, zina always has been prohibited; however, its prohibition is more emphatic and forceful in Islam.

Zina is regarded as one of the gravest of all the major sins.

Over fourteen hundred years ago, Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) prophesied that among the signs of the Day of Judgment is the prevalence of illegal sexual intercourse.

Anas ibn Malik reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying, “It is from the conditions of the Last Hour that knowledge would be taken away and ignorance would prevail (upon the world), liquor would be drunk, and adultery would become rampant” (Muslim 34:6451).

Prophet Muhammad viewed zina as a serious crime. It is reported that Allah’s Messenger ordered that an unmarried man who committed illegal sexual intercourse to be scourged one hundred lashes and sent into exile for one year (Al-Bukhari 3:48 817).

A person has committed zina if he or she voluntarily and deliberately performs sexual intercourse with other than his or her spouse. The act of zina has taken place when the man’s sexual organ has been inserted inside the women, regardless of the number of times or whether contraception was used, such as a condom or separator between the consenting adults organs.

Proving Zina
A person is convicted of zina by one or more of the following ways:
If the zaani (fornicator or adulterer) makes a confession without going back on his or her word until he or she is subjected to any prescribed punishment. If at some stage the person retracts the confession, he or she must not be subjected to any prescribed punishment.

The testimony to the act of four reliable and pious men, each of whom must testify that he actually saw the man’s sexual organ inserted inside the womans.

This stringent condition is to protect innocent Muslims and to block the road for those who want to spread evil among Muslim society.

If a woman who is not married is found pregnant.
Punishment for Zina in This Life

There are definite prescribed punishments known as hadd (plural: hudud), which have been mentioned in the Quran and the Sunnah concerning those who engage in the criminal act.

The following conditions must be fulfilled before the hadd is applied:
1. The offenders must be sane.
2. They must be Muslim.
3. They have reached the age of puberty.
4. They must be free and not slaves.

The Quranic injunctions with regards to those who commit zina were revealed in stages.

The wisdom behind this was to make these injunctions acceptable to the new converts to Islam who often engaged in zina during the days of Jahiliyah (ignorance).

The first revelation concerning the punishment of zina was that a woman guilty of zina was to be confined to her home until she died (An-Nisaa 4:15).

The second revelation covered both men and women and was not very specific regarding punishment:
[And as for the two who are guilty of indecency from among you, give them both a punishment; then if they repent and amend, turn aside from them; surely Allah is Oft-returning (to mercy), the Merciful.] (An-Nisaa 4:16)

Allah Almighty then revealed:
[(As for) the fornicatress and the fornicator, flog each of them, (giving) a hundred stripes, and let not pity for them detain you in the matter of obedience to Allah and the last day.] (An-Nur 24:2)

Know that punishment for this crime of zina acts as atonement for this sin. The idea behind the harsh and severe punishment does not contradict the spirit of Islam; it actually serves as a deterrent in society. It protects a person’s family lineage and the spread of moral decadence and disease in society.

When people realize the graveness of their sin, and that its punishment is most humiliating and painful, very few would dare to commit it.

Marriage to a Person Guilty of Zina
Marriage between two who are guilty of zina is permissible as per what Allah Almighty says:
[The fornicator shall not marry any but a fornicatress or idolatress, and (as for) the fornicatress, none shall marry her but a fornicator or an idolater; and it is forbidden to the believers.”] (An-Nur 24:3)

There is a difference of opinion among the scholars with regards to a chaste man marrying an adulteress who has not repented or vice versa. Some of them said that it is not lawful.

This is the opinion of Ali, Al-Baraa, Aishah, and Masud (may Allah be pleased with them all).

The majority of scholars, including Abu Bakr, Umar or Uthman, and Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them all), on the other hand, permitted marriage with an adulterer, adding, however, that marriage to a chaste and pure person was more virtuous.

Repentance
One might think that the only way a person guilty of zina can be forgiven is by undergoing the prescribed punishment (hadd), but scholars have said that a person who commits a sin should repent to Allah Almighty.

The repentance should be sincere, and the guilty person should perform lots of righteous acts and acts of worship. Furthermore, the person should feel remorse and have no intention of ever committing the sin again.

The repentance will not be accepted if it is done during the throes of death, as Allah Most High says
[And repentance is not for those who go on doing evil deeds, until when death comes to one of them, he says: Surely now I repent; nor (for) those who die while they are unbelievers.] (An-Nisaa’ 4:18)

Protection From Committing Zina
There are many ways that Muslims can protect themselves from zina. Salah (prayer), both obligatory and supererogatory, is one of the strongest defenses against zina. Allah Almighty says
[Recite that which has been revealed to you of the Book and keep up prayer; surely prayer keeps (one) away from indecency and evil, and certainly the remembrance of Allah is the greatest.]
(Al-Ankabut 29:45)

Regular fasting is another way of suppressing sexual desires, as Allah’s Messenger prescribed it for young people who could not afford to get married.

Another way to keep away from zina is by reminding yourself how you would abhor and dislike it for your mother, daughter, sister, brother, and aunt.

This was how Prophet Muhammad explained it to a man who came seeking permission to commit zina. The Prophet told him to remember that Satan watches and waits for you to be distant from your Muslim brethren, then he makes his attack. And so among the things that will deter you from zina is to always be in the company of righteous people who will remind you of Allah Almighty.

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said in the hadith collection of Abu Dawud, “Indeed the wolf devours the lone sheep.” Remember that saying “no” to someone who invites you to commit zina will secure you a place of shelter under the shade of Allah’s Throne on the day when there will be no shelter except His.

We ask Allah Most High to protect us from the evil of zina, to accept out righteous actions, and to shower us with His bounties in this life and in the hereafter.

Aameen!!!

Quran Answers The Blasphemers

[Quran – 2:256 ] “There is no compulsion in religion: true guidance has become distinct from error, so whoever rejects false gods and believes in God has grasped the firmest hand-hold, one that will never break. God is all-hearing and all-knowing.”

[Quran – 4:140 ] “Allah has instructed you in the Book -the Quran- He revealed to you, thus: “Should you happen to hear Allah’s revelations challenged and denied and held up to ridicule by those who were born to be losers, then you do not keep company with them until they have changed the subject of conversation and virtue and wisdom no longer sit in want, lest you be alike.” Allah shall gather the hypocrites and the infidels who deny Him altogether in the kingdom of Hell.”

[Quran – 7:199 ] “MAKE due allowance for man’s nature, and enjoin the doing of what is right, and leave alone all those who choose to remain ignorant.”

[Quran – 10:108 ] “Say: ´Mankind! the truth has come to you from your Lord. Whoever is guided is only guided for his own good. Whoever is misguided is only misguided to his detriment. I have not been set over you as a guardian.”

[Quran – 18:29 ] “Say, This is the truth from your Lord. Let him who will, believe in it, and him who will, deny it. For the wrongdoers We have prepared a Fire which will cover them like a canopy, and if they beg for water, they will be given water as hot as molten lead, which will scald their faces: how dreadful a drink, and how evil a resting place!”

[Quran – 25:63 ] “And the true servants of the Gracious God are those who walk on the earth humbly and when the ignorant address them, they avoid them gracefully by saying, `Peace !’”

[Quran – 27:92 ] “to recite the Quran. Whoever follows its guidance, follows it only for the good of his own soul; and as for him who goes astray, just say, I am only a warner.”

[Quran – 28:55 ] “and when they hear any vain talk, they turn away from it, saying: “We have our deeds and you have your deeds. Peace be to you. We do not desire to act like the ignorant.”

[Quran – 41:40 ] “Truly, those who blaspheme Our signs are not hidden from Us. Is he who is cast down into the fire better off, or he who approaches as one who is safe on the Day of Resurrection? Do as you willed. Truly, He is Seeing of what you do.”

[Quran – 42:6 ] “Those who choose other than God as their Lord, God holds them responsible for their wrongdoings and you (Mohammad) are not responsible for their behavior.”

[Quran – 109:6 ] “Unto you your religion, and unto me my religion.”

Prophet Musa (Alaih Assalaam)

In the land of Egypt where the children of Ibrahim(Alaih Assalaam), Yaqub(Alaih Assalaam), and Yusuf(Alaih Assalaam) once lived, there reigned an evil, wicked Pharaoh. One day, this wicked Pharaoh ordered that all boys descended from Yusuf (Alaih Assalaam) should be killed. He gave this order because he did not want Yusuf(Alaih Assalaam)’s children to increase and become more powerful than his own people.

It was at this dangerous time that the baby Musa (Alaih Assalaam)was born. Allah sent a message to his mother, telling her to place little Musa(Alaih Assalaam) in a small basket and put the basket on the river. That way, Musa(Alaih Assalaam) would escape the dreadful fate which Pharaoh had decreed.

The basket with the little child in it was found by the Pharaoh’s wife. She was kind and good-hearted and took Musa(Alaih Assalaam) into the palace. Nobody knew who his parents were, but the Pharaoh’s wife wanted to keep him, so she looked for a foster mother to nurse him. Allah then caused Musa(Alaih Assalaam)’s own mother to be brought into the palace so that she could be chosen as Musa(Alaih Assalaam)’s foster mother. So the baby Musa(Alaih Assalaam)’s life was saved, and through the help of Allah, he was given back to his own mother.
Musa(Alaih Assalaam) was brought up in Pharaoh’s palace and had the best teachers to educate him. They made a clever and capable man out of him.

As Musa (Alaih Assalaam)grew up to be a man, he had to leave Pharaoh’s land on a journey. On the way, he passed by a well where the shepherds gave water to their sheep. Musa(Alaih Assalaam) found there two women who also wanted to give their sheep water to drink. But they could not reach the water before the shepherds had taken their flocks away from the well. Musa (Alaih Assalaam)helped them to give water to their herd and when the two women returned home, they told their old father what had happened. He sent one of them back to invite Musa(Alaih Assalaam) to come to their house. Later the father offered him one of his daughters to take for his wife, and Musa (Alaih Assalaam)accepted. Afterward, Musa (Alaih Assalaam) led a happy life with his family and the old father by the well.

Some years later, Musa(Alaih Assalaam) and his family were traveling in the country, when suddenly, he saw a big fire. He told his family to stay where they were and went on his own to find out about the fire. As Musa(Alaih Assalaam) approached, he heard a voice: O Musa! the voice said I am Allah, your Lord. I am going to make you my Prophet. You must go to the people and tell them that there is only one God, Allah, Who created them. So they must be grateful and pray only to Allah and strive to do good. Take your brother Harun (Alaih Assalaam)with you and go to the Pharaoh and his people and give them My message.

Musa(Alaih Assalaam) went to Egypt and told Pharaoh: Allah, Who is the Lord of the worlds, has sent me to you. I am Allah’s messenger and I bring the truth to you. You should set free the children of Yusuf(Alaih Assalaam), who are being oppressed in this land and let them come away with me.

When Pharaoh heard this, he became furious and shouted: You lie! No-one except me, the great Pharaoh of Egypt, is the lord of the world. I am the most powerful king on earth. You must be out of your mind to dare to say otherwise. If you disobey me, I will throw you into prison!

But Musa(Alaih Assalaam) was not frightened by Pharaoh’s anger or his words. With the help of Allah I shall show you that Allah is more powerful than all men and also more powerful than you, he told the Pharaoh. Musa(Alaih Assalaam) then took his stick and threw it onto the ground. At once, the stick turned into a long thick curling snake.
You are obviously a magician, said the Pharaoh when he saw this. I will call together all the magicians in my land, and then we will see who can make better magic, they or you.

So, all the magicians were summoned to the Pharaoh’s palace. They had many sticks with them, and they turned them into snakes. But then Musa (Alaih Assalaam)threw his stick once more onto the ground, and once more it turned into a snake. This snake swallowed up all the snakes which the magicians had made.

The magicians were impressed: We believe truly in Allah, Who has sent Musa(Alaih Assalaam) as His prophet, they said, Allah is really and truly much more powerful than all or any of us.

The Pharaoh was furious. He said: Do you want to believe in something before I give you permission to believe it? You will all have your hands and feet chopped off as punishment! he shouted at the magicians.

Do you want to take revenge on us just because we believe in Allah’s signs? the magicians replied. Whatever you do to us, we will still turn to Allah. May Allah have mercy on us and help us to be patient and steadfast. In this way, the magicians, who were greedy men, were turned into good and faithful servants of Allah.

Now Musa(Alaih Assalaam) went to the descendants of Yusuf who were suffering much oppression under the rule of the evil Pharaoh. He told them: We shall go away from Egypt. But after they had departed, Pharaoh and his soldiers went after them to fetch them back.

Musa (Alaih Assalaam)and his people sped on their journey until they finally reached the sea. By this time, though, Pharaoh and his soldiers were approaching and the people grew terribly afraid. But Allah came to their rescue. He divided the water into two so that Musa (Alaih Assalaam)and his people could walk through the middle to get across the sea. when Pharaoh and his soldiers reached the sea, they of course rode after them. But they could not reach Musa (Alaih Assalaam)and his people before they came to the other side. Suddenly, while Pharaoh and his soldiers were still riding across the sea bed, the waters came flowing back, and all of them were drowned. Allah had thus saved Musa (Alaih Assalaam) and his people because they worshipped Him alone. Pharaoh, who refused to believe in Allah and who was proud and even wanted to throw Musa (Alaih Assalaam) into prison, was left to drown.

After their escape, Musa (Alaih Assalaam)and his people wandered in the desert for many years. One day, Musa(Alaih Assalaam) received Allah’s order to climb a high mountain. Musa (Alaih Assalaam)was to stay there for forty days and nights praying to Allah and listening to what Allah would tell him and his people. But forty days and nights seemed a long time and while Musa(Alaih Assalaam) was away, his people became impatient. They decided to make a calf out of gold and worship it. When Musa (Alaih Assalaam)came down from the mountain, he saw the calf and became very angry. He smashed the calf into a thousand pieces and scolded his people so much that they felt ashamed of themselves. You must never, ever worship anything else apart from Allah, Musa(Alaih Assalaam) instructed them.

Musa(Alaih Assalaam) had brought a book to his people which Allah had revealed to him on the mountain. This book is called the Taurat. In the Taurat, it is stated what men should not do. They must never worship anything else apart from Allah.

They must never kill a fellow man. They must not take things which do not belong to them. They must be good to their parents and to one another.

Musa(Alaih Assalaam)’s people understood now that they had been very ungrateful to Allah, for it was Allah who had saved them from Pharaoh and his soldiers. They prayed to Allah and thanked Him for what He had done for them. They asked for His forgiveness and made a promise that they would strive hard to do good deeds.
Allah forgives those who are ashamed for the bad deeds they have done, and are willing to correct their mistakes and return to Allah.

Work Ethics In Muslim Companies

*It’s the end of the month, but there will be no paycheck for another week. As though being late wasn’t bad enough, to top it off, you are made to feel as though the money you’ve worked for isn’t your right, and the company is doing you a favor by paying you anything at all. The organization is simply out of money at the time and you have to wait until they get some. It coincidentally comes to your attention that some employees in higher positions had their checks issued on time and without delay.

*There’s a school where you teach two subjects and you are paid as a quarter-time employee. You were told that your pay was based on 1/4 of the full-time teacher’s pay. When you find out what that rate is, you learn it is much lower than what an actual 1/4 is. The management staff was trying to take advantage of the fact that you are new and don’t know how much money others make. Sadly, you do know another teacher and you realize their dishonesty. As a result, you quit.

*The company you left refused to pay you your last paycheck after they were informed that you wouldn’t be returning the next year. They claimed that withholding the pay was their right since you breached your contract, when in fact you had signed no contract in the first place.

Contracts are made on a yearly basis, so the option to leave at the end of the year is simply a choice not to renew a contract. Moreover, there should be no conditions on getting the pay for work that was already done.

*A business owner approaches you and requests a redesign for his website. When you gave him your price, he said it was too high. So you agree to do it at a lower price and explain your terms for design work (limiting the number of revisions after finalization, requiring 50 percent pay upfront, and overtime will be charged at an hourly rate). In response, you face a horrible attitude. He asks for your references and more samples of work, finally say he might consider hiring you.

Others, in other places, will have gladly paid you the 50 percent advance and would have agreed to abide by the terms. Subhan Allah. All these are real stories happening in Muslim communities. Do Muslim companies think your work is “Fee Sabeelillah” that they think it’s OK to do this?

These companies want you to be there on time, every time, and work flawlessly, in a hurry, with an impossible deadline, and an insane volume of work to be completed by then. Yet the paycheck is neither on time nor adequate. Allah has commanded us to respect agreements.

“…and fulfill (every) engagement, for (every) engagement will be enquired into (on the Day of Reckoning).” (Qur’an, 17:34)

Are all employees inherently the victims? Of course not. Obviously both cases exist, but unprofessionalism breeds more unprofessionalism. The employee that is slack should be fired. The employer that mistreats its worker should lose that employee to a more deserving firm.

“Woe to Al-Mutaffifin. Those who, when they have to receive by measure from men, demand full measure. But when they have to give by measure or weight to men, give less than due. Do they not think that they will be called to account? – On a Great Day. A Day when (all) mankind will stand before the Lord of the Worlds?” (Qur’an, 83:1-6)

Allah warns us specifically about this type of behavior in the Qur’an. Yet it seems as though Muslims are failing (repeatedly) to recognize this as the case or abide by this obligation.

In project management there are three main areas that need to be in balance in order to successfully complete a project:

1. The budget, or how much money is allocated to complete the project.
2. The schedule, which breaks the project into smaller tasks and their respective deadlines.
3. The scope of work, which are the things that need to be completed and delivered by the due date.

Whenever any of these three factors are changed, the entire project will be thrown off. How is that?

Here’s the situation (Bear with the poor example): You gave me a 20 dollar bill and asked me to go to a supermarket to get some items on a list. The list costs exactly $20. So I have 45 minutes to go and bring the groceries home. The project here is getting the groceries. If you were to call me on the phone and tell me you need some fresh meat from the butcher as well, that would throw me off.

I am now over my budget, the extra work will also increase the time I’ll need, and I won’t be able to deliver on schedule.

So changing any of the three factors in any project will change the other two. If you push these limits then either the project will fail or it will be completed with poor quality.

Bottom line: When the balance is lost, the project suffers.

I believe that to be the exact case with these businesses and institutions. They are attempting to ‘milk’ employees for work they aren’t willing (or able) to pay them for. They have expectations that exceed their ability or willingness to fairly compensate for.

Employees come in with higher than usual expectations from a Muslim employer and expect fair treatment. Employees’ morale and trust in their employer drops, as a result, the quality of their work suffers.

Expectations have to be made clear and fulfilled by both sides. If we all know that Allah is watching us, then we should act like it. Muslim businesses and organizations are the pillars of our community. When we build our Ummah on broken principles it can fall apart overnight.

Motherhood In The Quran

The cases of the Mothers in the Qur’an are always accompanied by a sense of testing, challenge, anguish and for each one of these cases and there must be a reason for that.

Mother of Musa (a.s.w.s.):
Allah told the Mother of Musa ( through inspiration to do this unbelievable, challenging, trying, and testing act that is to place her newborn son in the chest and throw it into the river to be picked up by one who is an enemy of Allah and an enemy of Musa (Qur’an 20:38-39). How much faith and comfort a mother would have to respond to this call from Allah to throw her son and some people say that after all, she did not have a choice because Pharaoh is killing the sons.

Nonetheless, it is quite difficult to convince a mother to throw her son to the unknown like that. Allah did not say that her son will be taken to safety and instead He said the baby will be picked up by one who is an enemy of Allah and an enemy of Musa (a.s.w.s.). It must have been a very strong and faithful mother.

In the Arabic language, the word ‘fa’ means ‘immediately’ i.e. to place him immediately in the chest and without much delay throw the chest into the river. This shows the sensitivity in the Qur’an that one cannot prolong the agony because the mother could change her mind.

Musa’s (a.s.w.s.) sister goes around and finds that Pharaoh’s wife picked up the chest and seemed to love the child, the sister came forward like a stranger and said: shall I search out a good wet-nurse for the child so that she may rear the child. She agreed and the sister brought the mother and she openly fed the child. (Qur’an 20:40)

There is an attitude in the story that Allah interferes deliberately just for one purpose that this faithful mother needs to be comforted. This step was not needed but somehow Allah showed the sensitivity and empathy to the mother that his son will return to her at least under her direct supervision.

Mother of Yahya (a.s.w.s.):
Yahya’s (a.s.w.s.) father Zakariya (a.s.w.s.) was an old man and there was a need for an heir to carry the legacy of the message. Zakariya’s (a.s.w.s.) wife was also old. Allah wanted him to have a very special child (Qur’an 19:7-11). We know that Yahya (a.s.w.s.) played an important role in the chain of messengers because he was the one who conveyed the message and also who took care of Isa (a.s.w.s.).

The trial is not to Zakariya (a.s.w.s.) but to his wife, the old woman who has to go through the tribulations to having that child. Nonetheless, the father was skeptical of having a child in the old age but on the contrary, the mother was joyful and cheerful about that situation and she came laughing aloud. (Qur’an 51:29)

She just had a positive attitude about the whole thing and cheerfulness that she could not hide even though it was a strange situation to be at.

Mother of Isa(a.s.w.s.):
Maryam’s (a.s.w.s.) trial was also very strange. Maryam, (a.s.w.s.) a chaste and a respectful person of the society find all of a sudden that she will have a baby. She seeks refuge in Allah to protect her. She was wondering how she can have a child affirming her chastity. Qur’an explains the miraculous conception. In the pain of labor, Maryam (a.s.w.s.) wishes that she would rather die than go through this. Allah comforts and guides her. (Qur’an 19:16-25)

She delivers the baby and goes back to her people. Her people immediately remind her about her pious and respectful family. And Allah made the newborn defend her mother. Baby Isa (a.s.w.s.) said he is NOT the son of Allah but the servant of Allah. And Isa said he will be kind to his mother. (Quran 19:26-35)

We can see the gratitude he had towards his mother who went through all these trials.

Foster Mother:
Pharaoh’s (Firaun)wife prays to Allah that she needs a house in heaven and she wants Allah to save her from Pharaoh (Firaun) and his doings and from those who do wrong. (Qur’an 66:11)

One can appreciate her good attitude when she finds the baby [Musa (a.s.w.s.)] inside the chest. She says that the baby is a pleasure to her eyes and her mother’s instinct starts taking over. She says to Pharaoh (Firaun) not to kill the baby and says the baby might be of benefit to them. Here is the mother’s instinct that is saying that they will adopt him as a son. (Qur’an 28:9)

Kindness to Mother:
Qur’an ordains to be kind to one’s parents and especially to the mother (Qur’an 31:14, 46:15). All the family and relationships mentioned in the Qur’an refers to the womb (rahim). Allah instructs not to break the ties of the womb when put in authority (Qur’an 47:22).

Motherhood in Modern times:
For the first time in history, motherhood has become a matter of question. Throughout the history, from Adam (a.s.w.s.) and Hawa (a.s.w.s.) and up until now the motherhood was never questioned. The mother gets pregnant, delivers a baby and she is the mother of the child but with the advent of modern science, people can tamper with that. One can commercially contract motherhood and what is known as Surrogacy, which creates horrendous problems that are both moral and practical and has become an issue of debate.

The surrogate mother may have been quite willing to surrender the child upon birth, but she may have become unwilling to do so after birth. This behavioral change is often termed as “maternal instinct,” in the pregnant woman. The result is that they go to the court and usually the courts rule based on the breach of the contract.

Like any pregnancy, it is impossible to predict the outcome. If the surrogate mother delivers a baby with serious disabilities, would the commissioning couple accept an abnormal child?

I have attended many conferences where many Muslim jurists and doctors participated to address the issue of surrogate motherhood and here are the conclusions.

1. Islam does not accept the practice of surrogacy because it is demeaning.
2. It creates problem
3. If it happens, the (surrogate) woman who delivers the baby is considered as the Mother (Qur’an 58:2).

On the positive side, we have Stem cells that are the blue-print cells in the embryo that have not gone through the process of cell differentiation and therefore have the potential to give rise to many different kinds of specialized cells. For instance, a stem cell could be used to produce liver cells, brain cells, heart muscle cells, blood cells, etc.

Dr. Omar Alfi, a scientist in Genetics explains, “During pregnancy, the fetus leaks the stem cells that goes to the mother and becomes part of her.”

So each mother is carrying in her the parts of the original material that made her child. Hence with the advent of modern science, the mother-child relationship is much more than what we had ever known before. This probably explains the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.s.) when a man came to him and he was asked, ‘O Messenger of God! Who among the people is the most worthy of my good companionship? The Prophet (s.a.w.s.) said: Your mother. The man said, ‘Then who?’ The Prophet (s.a.w.s.) said: Then your mother. The man further asked, ‘Then who?’ The Prophet (s.a.w.s.) said: Then your mother. The man asked again, ‘Then who?’ The Prophet (s.a.w.s.) said: Then your father (Bukhari).