Bemari Ka Bayan
Five Things About The Holy Qur’an
1. The original usage of the word “Qur’an” itself, where it occurs about 70 times assuming various meanings. It is a verbal noun of the Arabic verb “Qara’a”, meaning “he heard” or “he recited”. Its liturgical context is seen in several passages, for example: “So that when Al Qur’an is recited, listen to it & keep silent“. The term also has closely related synonyms which are employed throughout the Qur’an. Each of the synonyms possesses its distinct meaning. Such terms include “kitab” (book); “ayah” (sign); & “surah” (chapter). Other related words are: “dhikr”, meaning “remembrance”, & “hikma” meaning “wisdom”.
2. The Qur’an consists of 114 chapters of varying lengths; each known as surah. Each chapter has a title: usually, a word is mentioned within the chapter itself. In general, the longer chapters appear earlier in the Qur’an, while the shorter ones appear later. As such, the arrangement is not connected to the sequence of revelation. Each chapter commences with “Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim”, an Arabic phrase meaning “In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful”, with the exception of the ninth chapter.
3. Scribes wrote down the Qur’an, according to the order of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), on pieces of cloth, leather, bones, & stones. Its verses were ordered & arranged according to Allah’s inspiration. In the beginning, it was not gathered in one book. Some of the Prophet’s companions wrote parts & Surahs especially for themselves after they had memorized it from the Prophet. Zaid Ibn Thabit gathered the Qur’an in one book. He was tasked to do this by Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq, according to advice from Umar Ibn Khattab. Its resource was the parts written by the scribes; so he gathered all of it in one book, The Holy Qur’an.
4. Dots were put as syntactical marks by Abu Al-Aswad Al-Doaly, during the time of Mu’awiya Ibn Abi Sufyan (661-680 CE). The letters were marked with different dotting by Nasr Ibn Asem & Hayy Ibn Ya’amor, during the time of Abd Al- Malik Ibn Marwan (685-705 CE). A complete system of diacritical marks (damma, fataha, kasra) was invented by Al-Khaleel Ibn Ahmad Al-Faraheedy (d. 786 CE).
5. With the necessity to record the Holy Qur’an in the clear and readable text; the Arabic scripts developed into what is now considered the two most important classical styles of calligraphy: Kufic and Naskh. Kufic and Naskh are broad generic terms covering a plethora of magnificent styles in Arabic calligraphy, and are not, of course entirely inclusive of the numerous variations and nuances of the different styles of script, some of which were of key importance in the establishment of the classical trends and styles in the noble art of Arabic calligraphy.
Don’t Rush Through Prayer
We truly appreciate the value of something when we are deprived of it – either temporarily or irrevocably. Owing to a recent accident, I was compelled to say my prayers while sitting down, and like many others who are unable to bow down due to physical disabilities or old age, I realized the value of one of the pillars of prayer which many of us tend to rush through or neglect in ordinary circumstances: the Ruku’ (bowing/genuflection).
Obligation of Ruku
The acts of bowing and prostrating in prayer are commanded in the Qur’an and made obligatory upon the believers:
“O you who believe! Bow down and prostrate yourselves and serve your Lord.” (Qur’an, 22:77)
“Behold! The angels said: ‘O Mary! Allah has chosen you and purified you – chosen you above the women of all nations. O, Mary! Worship your Lord devoutly: Prostrate thyself, and bow down (in prayer) with those who bow down.’” (Qur’an, 3:42-43)
In a Hadith (narration) the Prophet (peace be upon him) advised “the one who prayed badly”, saying, “Indeed, the prayer of one of you is not complete until he makes an excellent ablution as Allah has commanded him to … then he celebrates Allah’s greatness, praises and glorifies Him, then recites the Qur’an as much as is easy for him from what Allah has taught him and allowed him, then says Takbeer (Allahu-Akbar) and makes Ruku’ (and places his hands on his knees) until his joints are at ease and relaxed.” (Abu Dawood and An-Nasai’)
In another narration, Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) related that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said, “The worst people are the thieves who steal part of the prayer.” He was asked how this was done, and he replied, “The one who does not complete his bowings and prostrations,” or he said, “The one who does not straighten his back during his bowings and prostrations.” (Ahmad, At-Tabarani, Ibn Khuzaimah and Al-Hakim)
Abu Mas’ud Al-Badri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said, “The prayer of one who does not straighten his back in his bowing and prostration is not accomplished.” [Narrated by “the five,’’ [narrators] and Ibn Khuzaimah, Ibn Hibban, at-Tabarani, and al-Baihaqi]
The Companion Hudhayfah Bin Yaman (may Allah be pleased with him) saw someone who did not straighten his back during his bowings and prostrations and told him, “You have not prayed. And if you were to die, you would not die on the way of Allah and His Messenger.” (Al-Bukhari)
Giving Sincere Advice To Muslims
Jareer, may Allah be pleased with him, said, “I pledged allegiance to the Prophet (peace be upon him) to establish the prayer, give the Zakat and advise every Muslim.” (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
Ibn Hibban narrated (this Hadith) by way of Abu Zur’ah Bin Amru Bin Jareer on the authority of his grandfather (i.e Jareer) and added: So whenever Jareer used to buy or sell something he used to say, “Know that what I have taken from you is more valuable than what I have given you, so choose.” (Fath Al-Bari, 1/139)
Indeed Jareer honored his pledge to the Prophet (peace be upon him). He once asked his servant to buy a horse for him, so he bought one for 300 dirhams and brought it with its owner to Jareer. Jareer said to the owner, “Your horse is worth more than 300.” He then bought it from him for 800 dirhams. When Jareer was questioned about this, he said, “Indeed I pledged allegiance to the Prophet (peace be upon him) to give advice to every Muslim.” (At-Tabarani, Ad-Dibaj ‘Ala Muslim, 1/75)
Ziyad Bin ‘Ilaqah said: I heard Jareer Bin Abdullah speak on the day that Caliph Al-Mugheerah Bin Shu’bah died. He stood up (on the Minbar), praised Allah, and said:
“Have Taqwa of Allah alone and do not associate any partners with Him. Be solemn and calm until another leader is appointed to you, for indeed he will now come.” He then said: “Ask forgiveness for your leader (Al-Mugheerah) for indeed he loved forgiveness.” He continued, “Amma ba’d. Indeed I approached the Prophet (peace be upon him) and told him that I would pledge allegiance to him upon Islam. So he stipulated upon me that I advise every Muslim, so I pledged allegiance to him upon that (with these two hands of mine). By the Lord of this Masjid, indeed I am a sincere adviser to you all.” He then sought forgiveness from his Lord and descended (from the Minbar). (Al-Bukhari)
Imam Al-Bukhari concluded the “Book of Iman” with his advice to people to act upon authentic Ahadith instead of inauthentic Ahadith. He then finished the ‘Book of Iman’ with Jareer’s sermon which expresses his own state while authoring his book. (Fath Al-Bari, 1/140)
Method Of Eating And Science
Method Of Eating And Science
Between Trial and Punishment
Almighty Allah makes it clear in the Qur’an that good and evil are part of life’s nature; He says: ” … We shall make a trial of you with evil and with good. And to Us you will be returned.” (21: 35) Trials are sometimes to punish those who violate Allah’s laws. But this is not always the case. Other times, trials are to test our faith in Allah and hence be given high ranks in Paradise.
In this sense, a Muslim should always keep in mind that life is full of its ups and downs, and strives hard to battle against life’s vicissitudes. It should be borne in mind that whatever befalls man in life is a form of test and trial, so it behooves every true Muslim to remain patient at times of afflictions and trials, and this will earn him a great reward, as the Prophet (peace be upon him) says: “Great is the state of a believer, for he is winner at any rate. If he is given a blessing and thus shows gratitude, it is good for him. If he is struck with an affliction and then shows patience, it is good for him.”
Almighty Allah tests His servants with good and bad things, with adversity and prosperity. These tests may be a means to give them rewards and high ranks in Paradise. This happened in the case of many Messengers and Prophets and many righteous servants of Allah. Our Prophet (peace be upon him), is reported as saying: “The people most subject to afflictions are the Prophets, then come righteous and after them come the best people – all according to his goodness.” Sometimes, afflictions may be a result of one’s sins and his keeping away from the way of Allah. With this meaning comes the verse that reads: “And Whatever of misfortune befalls you, it is what your hands have earned. And He pardons much.” (42: 30)
By and large, being afflicted with a misfortune may be a means of giving high ranks in Paradise as in the case of Prophets, Messengers, and righteous men. It may also be a means of removing sins and expiating mistakes. Stressing this meaning, our Prophet (peace be upon him) says: “Whatever befalls a Muslim of sorrow, grief, exhaustion, fatigue or harm, Allah will forgive him his sins for that. This is true even for a thorn that pricks his foot.” He (peace be upon him) is also reported as saying: “He whom Allah wants to bless in the Hereafter, He afflicts him with tribulations.” Al-Tirmidhi also quotes the Prophet (peace be upon him) as saying: “When Allah wants to bless someone, he hastens His punishments for him in this world. If He wants otherwise with a person, He defers the punishment for him till the afterlife.”
In light of the above-mentioned facts, it’s clear, that a great reward is in store for observing patience and perseverance at times of afflictions, which befall men as part of the nature of life, and in a form of test through which Allah distinguishes His true servants from all and sundry.
Zaynab: The Poor’s Mother
The wives of the Prophet (peace be upon him) are known as the mothers of all believers. This status has been conferred on them by God, as He says in the Qur’an: “The Prophet has more claim on the believers than they have on their selves, and his wives are their mothers.” (33: 6). One of them, however, has an additional title of motherhood. She is Zaynab bint Khuzaymah (radiAllahu anha), known as the mother of the poor. She earned this title because of her compassionate heart and her ready generosity. She was apparently always kind to the poor, and her kindness became greater when she married the Prophet.
The Prophet married Zaynab bint Khuzaymah (radiAllahu anha) in the third year of the Islamic calendar, only a few months after he had married Hafsah bint Umar (radiAllahu anha). The exact date of the marriage cannot be ascertained, as we have different reports none of which can be given greater weight. Moreover, there is some confusion about her earlier marriages. What is certain is that she was married to Ubaydah ibn Al-Harith (radiAllahu anha), who was the first martyr in the Battle of Badr, the first major battle fought by the Muslims under the Prophet’s leadership. Reports suggest that before Ubaydah, Zaynab was married to his brother Al-Tufayl, but other reports say that she was married to Jahm ibn Amr, who was her cousin.
Zaynab (radiAllahu anha) does not feature in any reports of major events that took place during the Prophet’s lifetime. This is mainly due to the fact that she did not stay long in the Prophet’s home. She died soon after her marriage. Some reports suggest that she only stayed with the Prophet for two or three months, while others put the figure at eight months. She then died, aged 30. Her short stay in the Prophet’s home meant that she was not involved in any disagreement or friction of the type that occurs between women living in the same home. Her marriage to the Prophet seems to be a mere short stay before she completes her journey of this life, passing away into the everlasting world.
It is important not to confuse this Zaynab (radiAllahu anha) with another wife of the Prophet with the same name. The other was Zaynab bint Jahsh (radiAllahu anha), also known for her kindness to the poor. That one was the Prophet’s own cousin and her marriage involved the implementation of new legislation clearly outlined in the Qur’an. We will have more to say about this when we look at the Prophet’s marriage to her.
Apart from Khadijah (radiAllahu anha), Zaynab bint Khuzaymah (radiAllahu anha) was the only one of the Prophet’s wives to die during his lifetime. All the others survived him. She was buried at Al-Baqee, the cemetery of Madinah, which was the resting place of many of the Prophet’s companions.
By: Adil Salahi
Taqwa And Its True Meanings
Taqwa is a central concept that has been frequently mentioned in the Holy Qur’an, especially in verses that deal with individual behavior in social relations. Some of the common English translations of the word taqwa are “piety” and “heed” or “God-fearing.”
Each of these translations gives only a partial understanding of this word’s true meaning because it is an attitude that combines many feelings, such as fear of God, heeding, and above all being God-conscious.
Is Taqwa Simply Fear?
The term fear, when used to refer to God-consciousness in the Islamic context, does not mean being scared of God because being scared excludes any feeling of love or respect.
Fear of God means to fear His disobedience and punishment, on the Day of Judgment, and to fear forgetting Him and losing His blessings.
Another partial meaning of fear, which is nobler, is the fear of displeasing God, the One Whom you love. For example, when two people love each other, you find each of them trying their best to please the other and to avoid even forgetting their anniversaries or birthdays. If this is the attitude of humans toward each other, then it is more appropriate that people fear God’s displeasure. People should love God most because they owe everything to Him: their lives, property, and, above all, His guidance to know and worship Him.
So, fear of God is not founded on a vengeful concept of hate and fear of God. It is actually based on love, which leads to a feeling of fear of God’s displeasure.
God-Consciousness
The meaning of taqwa was clarified in a statement made by Umar Bin Al-Khattab, the second Caliph after Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Umar compared being God-conscious to a person going through a narrow path with thorns while he is trying to snatch his clothes to protect himself from any harm.
In Arabic, clothing is used as a metaphor for a person’s character and the thorns are a metaphor for the temptations in life, such as greed and wanting to get money from any source whether legitimate or illegitimate or temptation towards illicit relationships.
This similitude means that the person goes through life trying to protect his moral and pure character, which was endowed on him by God, from all other diversions, deviations, or temptations that surround him.
Namaz Ba Jamat Ki Fazeelat
Muslim Woman’s Role As A Mother
A Muslim woman’s main role is to care for her house and fulfill the responsibility placed on her shoulder by her Lord. This does not mean to oppose a woman’s work; rather, the stress is on the fact that the main work of a woman is to work in her house. Her product is her children. It is valuable work indeed.
Apart from her role as a wife, the Muslim woman has a very important role as a mother. The status and value attached to parents in the Muslim World are very high. The Qur’an emphasizes this in Surah Al-Israa 17:23-24 and Surah Luqman 31:14.
It is reported that a man came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and asked: “Messenger of Allah, who is the most deserving of good care from me?” The Prophet replied: “Your mother (which he repeated three times)” then your father, then your nearest relatives in order”.
The Muslim mother has consequently a great feeling of security about the type of care and consideration she can expect from her children when she reaches old age. As the verse of the Qur’an quoted above indicates, thankfulness to parents is linked with thankfulness to Allah, and a failure in either of these respects is indeed a major failure in one’s religious duties. In both the Qur’an and Hadith, the principles of strong belief and good conduct are highly stressed, and good conduct begins at home with one’s closest relatives.
Listen to the best Teacher and Guide for humanity, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) as he elevated women from their status as chattel to the dignity of being equal servants of Allah with men. Yet, their status in society was not conditioned upon entering man’s world. Their most important task is to take care of their homes and children. The Prophet (peace be upon him) says in this regard, addressing women: “Take care of your home for that is your Jihad.” (Musnad Ahmad). Jihad is the epitome of Islamic life. Declaring homemaking as Jihad for women is giving it the highest possible status in an Islamic society.
Not only is it an all-important task, but only women are also uniquely qualified to do it. It is not by accident that pregnancy and nursing are purely feminine tasks. Allah has given women the special talents and psychological makeup needed to take care of children. There is no substitute for mother’s milk or mother’s love. No one can extract a bottle of motherly compassion. Her patience, kindness, willingness to sacrifice her own comforts, and her natural affinity for children – and the children’s natural affinity for the mother – are the key to the successful upbringing of children. A mother understands the children’s problem even when they cannot express it. She can uniquely sense their needs, both physical and emotional. She can satisfy some of these herself. For others, children need the father. But even he needs her insights in discharging his responsibilities in this area. No daycare center or nursery can make up for the absence of the mother and father.
Mothers are the silent workers who are indispensable for building the character of the next generation. A believing mother who understands the crucial nature of her responsibility will imbue her children with faith and moral values, as much as she can. She will raise children with courage, honesty, truthfulness, patience and perseverance, love and kindness, faith and self-confidence. On the other hand, a society without mothers and homemakers will produce at-risk youth.
This role of a woman is like that of the archers in the battle of Uhud. It looked less important but was the key to the fate of the entire army. If women hold on to their front, the entire army will succeed. If they leave it for “greater action” elsewhere, everyone will lose.
- October, 16
- 4603
- Human Rights
- More