Tilawat E Quran Kay Sharai Adaab Aur Ahkam
Sayyiduna Umar Farooq (RA) The Second Caliph Of Islam
Election
Before he passed away, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) consulted the senior Sahaba and elected Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) as the second Caliph of the Muslims.
Early Life
He was the son of Khattab and is famous in Islamic history as “Al Farooq” or “One who Distinguishes between Right and Wrong.” His acceptance of Islam is also very famous.
As Caliph
Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) was a very brave and straightforward person. He was tough and uncompromising in Islamic principles. He was a great and talented ruler. During his Khilaafat, vast areas of the Roman and Persian empires and the whole of Egypt were brought under Islamic rule. He was also a gifted orator. He was very concerned for the welfare of the Muslims. He left a honorable legacy for Muslims after him. The Holy Quran was given to him by Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) for safekeeping.
Appoints New Commander
Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anu) was a strong disciplinarian. He noticed the tremendous popularity of Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu). He felt that people will lose trust in Almighty Allah and put all their trust in Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu). He feared that the people may think too highly of him, thereby possibly increasing the self-esteem of Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) which would also breed arrogance, so he removed Sayyiduna Khalid (radi Allahu anhu) and appointed Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah (radi Allahu anhu) as the Commander in Chief of the Muslim army.
Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) happily accepted the orders of Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) and then served as an ordinary soldier. This is an example of the Islamic teachings of obedience to leadership!
Defeat Of The Persians
Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) had left Sayyiduna Muthanna (radi Allahu anhu) in command of the Muslim forces on the Iraqi front when he rushed to Yarmuk. Sayyiduna Muthanna (radi Allahu anhu) was finding it difficult to counter the enemy and went personally to Madinatul Munawwarah to ask Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) for reinforcements. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) had by that time passed away.
Sayyiduna Muthanna (radi Allahu anhu’s) absence from the Iraqi front made things worse there. The Iranians regrouped under the command of Rustam and recaptured the lands taken by the Muslims. Rustam sent 2 columns of his army, one to Hirah and the other to Kaskar.
Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) sent Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah (radi Allahu anhu), as Commander, to deal with the situation. Both the Persian columns were defeated. Rustam sent an even larger army and defeated the Muslims.
Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) raised another army and defeated the Persians. But the Persian court sent yet another larger army and forced Sayyiduna Muthanna (radi Allahu anhu) to withdraw. The report of the new situation was sent to Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) and reinforcements under the command of Sayyiduna Saad bin Abi Waqas (radi Allahu anhu) were sent.
The Persian and Muslim armies met at Qadisiyah. After a long battle on several fronts, the outnumbered Muslim army defeated the 120000 Persian soldiers and recaptured Hirah and their areas in the year 14 A.H. (636 C.E).
Defeat Of The Romans
Muslims laid siege to Damascus during Sayyiduna Abu Bakr’s (radi Allahu anhu’s) rule as Caliph. It continued, after he passed away, and lasted 70 days during the rule of Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu). After the long siege, Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) took the Romans by surprise and entered the city. The Governor surrendered and a peace treaty was signed.
Conquest Of Jerusalem
Meanwhile, Sayyiduna Amr ibn As (radi Allahu anhu) was laying siege to Jerusalem. Sayyiduna Khalid, Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah and other Sahaba (radi Allahu anhumul ajma’in) also joined him. The Christians had little hope and decided to give in. They also suggested that the keys of Jerusalem be given to Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) himself personally. Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) went to Jerusalem. An agreement was signed that guaranteed the safety of the city and the safety of the Christians.
Assassination
A Persian non-Muslim, named Firoz and nicknamed “Abu Lulu,” complained to Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) about his master, Sayyiduna Mughirah bin Shuba (radi Allahu anhu), who imposed tax on him. Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) told Firoz that the tax was reasonable. This made Firoz angry.
The next day, during the Fajr Salah, he stabbed Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) 6 times in the back, severely wounding the Caliph. Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) passed away 3 days later in 23 A.H. He was 63 years old. He ruled the Islamic State for 10 years, 6 months and 4 days.
Reforms
In a short space of 10 years, Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) had been well-known for his outstanding achievements and reforms in Islam. Some of these reforms were:-
- He established the “Baitul Maal” (People’s Treasury for the state and public).
- Judicial courts of Justice were set in the country. Judges and Magistrates handled all cases.
- Establishment of an army headquarters for the defense of the country.
- Construction of roads and canals.
- Schools were established. Salaries for Imams, Mu’azzins, and Ustaads were organized.
- Masjids were improved and built-in Makkatul Mukarramah and Madinatul Munawwarah. This included facilities for the Haajis.
- Police Stations and prisons were built.
- The establishment of the first Islamic Lunar calendar began from the Hijrah.
- Proper weights and measures were introduced.
- Population census established.
- Built orphanages and welfare homes.
- Established a proper punishment system and banned slavery.
Personal Life
Simplicity and devotion were the main characteristics of Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu). He used to wear clothes that had many patches and yet received Governors, convoys, and diplomats. He took just enough allowance from the State to have a simple meal and wear simple clothes. At times he was very poor. He used to visit the old people and sick and even do their housework. He used to visit the houses of the soldiers and inquire about their families. He stayed awake at night in Salah and often kept Fast. He always supported and upheld the cause of Islam, with his wisdom, energy, dynamism, bravery, and little wealth.
Sunnat Ki Fazeelat
Sunnat Ki Fazeelat
In Allah Alone, Should The Believers Put Their Trust
[ALLAH’S Quran – 14:11] “Their Messengers (of God) said to them, It is true we are nothing but human beings like yourselves but Allah shows (His) favors (by sending revelations and prophethood) to such of His servants as He will. It is not (possible) for us to bring you authority except by the leave of Allah. (We put our trust in Him) and in Allah (alone) should the believers put their trust.”
The Prophet (peace be upon him) has said: [Muslim, Book #004, Hadith #1691] “Ibn Abbas reported that when the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) got up during the night to pray, he used to say: O Allah, to Thee, be the praise Thou art the light of the heavens and the earth. To Thee be the praise; Thou art the Supporter of the heavens and the earth. To Thee be the praise; Thou art the Lord of the heavens and the earth and whatever is therein. Thou art the Truth; Thy promise is True, the meeting with Thee is True. Paradise is true, Hell is true, the Hour is true. O Allah, I submit to Thee; affirm my faith in Thee; repose my trust in Thee, and I return to Thee for repentance; by Thy help, I have disputed; and to Thee, I have come for decision, so forgive me my earlier and later sins, the sins that I committed in secret and openly. Thou art my God. There is no god but Thee.”
Namaz e Jumma Kay Fazail Aur Chornay Ki Waeed
Jumma Kay Din Dua Qabool Honay Ki Ghari. Namaz e Jumma Kay Fazail Aur Chornay Ki Waeed
Deniers: Far Astray
[ALLAH’S Quran – 4:136] “O you who have attained to faith! Hold fast unto your belief in God and His Apostle, and in the divine writ which He has bestowed from on high upon His Apostle, step by step, as well as in the revelation which He sent down afore time: for he who denies God, and His angels, and His revelations, and His apostles, and the Last Day, has indeed gone far astray.”
The Prophet (peace be upon him) has said:
[Bukhari, Book #2, Hadith #35] “Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, “The person who participates in ALLAH’s cause and nothing compels him to do so except belief in ALLAH and His Apostles, will be recompensed by ALLAH either with a reward, or booty (if he survives) or will be admitted to Paradise (if he is killed in the battle as a martyr). Had I not found it difficult for my followers, then I would not remain behind any sariya going for Jihad and I would have loved to be martyred in ALLAH’s cause and then made alive, and then martyred and then made alive, and then again martyred in His cause.”
Hadith Qudsi: Khair Khwahi
Hadith Qudsi: Khair Khwahi
Taking Account Of The Self (Al-Muhaasabah)
Alif Laam Meem. Do the people think that they will be left to say, ‘We believe’ and they will not be tried? But We have certainly tested those before them, and indeed, Allah knows those who are truthful, and He knows those who lie. [Qur’an 29:17]
The duty of enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong is especially difficult when practised on one’s own self. Familiarity takes the edge off of criticism, and Shaytaan is ever prepared to defend the erring soul with countless excuses, for this is his last stronghold, and he will never abandon it willingly.
When Shaytaan loses hope of affecting a believer’s deed or speech, he seeks to invade the heart and strike at the root of righteousness – intention. By corrupting the intention, he will win the soul; by injecting it with shirk, he will make it unacceptable to Allah (suhaanahu wa ta’aalaa), because in His sight, “Deeds are only according to intentions.” {Al-Bukhaari and Muslim]
A sensitive believer who knows the weaknesses of the soul can be on guard against the whisperings of Shaytaan and not lose sight of “as-siraat al-mustaqeem.”
‘Umar Ibnul-Khattaab advised, “Call yourselves to account before you are called to account.”; and undoubtedly, Allah (subhaanahu wa ta’aalaa) has given us the means by which to do this: And We have shown him the two ways. [Qur’an 90:10]
In other words, mankind has been given the tools with which to distinguish good from evil, and right from wrong: observation, perception, conscience, judgement and emotion, all in a delicate balance. But even so, as we are reminded by Imam Ibn Al-Qayyim, such an assessment is difficult unless one has the following:
1. The light of wisdom -the light by which Allah has enlightened the hearts of those who follow the teachings of the prophets.
2. The ability to discern between blessing and trials in what Allah has provided, i.e. one’s wealth, time, skills, opportunities, influence, etc. – That which is used in ways pleasing to Allah contains blessing and benefit, but that which is used otherwise will be evidence against the soul on the Day of Judgement
3. Suspicion of the self, which leads to a more complete inspection – For indeed, none will harbour a negative thought about his own soul except one who knows it well, while one who thinks well of his soul is most ignorant of himself. [Ibn Al-Qayyim in Madaarij as-Saalikeen]
Except for the most private forms of worship, most of our deeds are observed by others and judged by them. However, Allah (subhaanahu wa ta’aalaa) is concerned with what is in the heart. “Allah does not look to your bodies or your faces, but he looks to your hearts and deeds.” [Muslim]
The quantity of deeds is therefore less important than the quality (how and why). No matter what the impression of our fellow men is, the true intention behind every word and action is known only by Allah, and it is He Who judges from the position of absolute familiarity with every soul and every circumstance.
He knows that which deceives the eyes and what the breasts conceal. Qur’an 40:19
How easy it is to make excuses or justify oneself to others. However, one must constantly remember that Allah is aware of the entire truth; therefore, we ourselves must face the truth as well. Speaking directly to His servants in the Qur’an, Allah (subhaanahu wa ta’aalaa) says: And know that Allah knows what is within yourselves so be aware of Him. Qur’an 2:235
And know that Allah comes between a man and his heart and that to Him you shall be gathered. Qur’an 8:24
Truly He knows the secret and what is even more hidden. Qur’an 20:7
So do not represent yourselves as righteous, for He knows best who fears Him. Qur’an 53:32
Whether you show what is within yourselves or conceal it, Allah will hold you to account for it. Qur’an 2:284
These verses were terrifying to the Prophet’s companions (radiallahu ‘anhu). Because of their intense devotion and their consciousness of Allah, they often worried about certain thoughts and feelings that came to them, repeatedly asking the Prophet (sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) about them until they were finally reassured, “Allah has overlooked for me in my community that which occurs in their minds as long as they neither speak of it nor act upon it.” [Al-Bukhaari, Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, An-Nasaai, Ibn Maajah]
The pious companions and their followers were the most critical of their own souls, always seeking to correct themselves in anticipation of the Judgement; and indeed, they were the best of the community. After the Prophet (sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) had confided to Hudhayfah the names of some of the hypocrites, ‘Umar asked him fearfully, “Am I among them?” Thus, when Allah wishes good for His servant, he makes him aware of his own faults.
Quran Ki Izzat Aur Hurmat
Quran Ki Izzat Aur Hurmat
The Patience Of Prophet Ayyub (Alayhis Salaam)
Allah the Glorified and Exalted says: “And remember Ayyub when he cried to his Lord: Verily distress has seized me, and You are the Most Merciful of all those who show mercy. So We answered his call, and We removed the distress that was on him, and We restored his family to him and the like thereof along with them, as a mercy from Ourselves and a reminder for all who worship Us.” [Source ‘Qur’an Surat Al-Anbiyaa’ 21 83-84]
Imaam ‘Abdur-Rahman as-Sa’dee [Rahimahullaah] said: “Meaning, remember Our slave and Messenger Ayyub [‘Alayhis Salaam], praising him and revering him, and raising his station, when (Allah) tested him with a severe test and thus found him remaining patient, being pleased with Him. What occurred is that Shaytan had gained strength over his body as a trial and test from Allah. Shaytan blew into his body so he became full of ulcers. he remained this way for a long period, and his ailment worsened after which his family died and he lost his wealth. So he cried out to his Lord: “Verily, distress has seized me, and You are the Most Merciful of all those who show mercy.”
So he sought a means of nearness to Allah with supplication by mentioning his condition, and that affliction has seized him greatly. And due to the expansive and vast mercy of his Lord Allah answered him and said: “Strike the ground with your foot. This is a spring of water to wash in, cool and a refreshing drink.” [ Source ‘Qur`an Surat Saad 38:42]
So he struck the ground with his foot and a cold spring gushed forth, so he washed there from and drank, so Allah cured him of his ailments. Allah [Azza Wa Jall] said: “…and We restored his family to him…” This means We returned his family and his wealth to him.
Allah [Azza Wa Jall] said: “…and the like thereof…” Meaning that Allah bestowed upon him well-being, also an abundance of family and wealth. Allah [Azza Wa Jall] said: “…as a mercy from Ourselves…”. Meaning upon him due to him having patience and being pleased with what Allah had decreed, so Allah gave him an immediate reward before the reward of the Hereafter.
Allah [Azza Wa Jall] said: “…and a reminder for all who worship Us…”. This means We have made it an admonition for the worshipers who benefit from practicing patience. If they look at the distress that afflicted Ayyub [‘Alayhis Salaam].. how Allah [Azza Wa Jall] rewarded him after it left him, and if they look at the reason behind that, they will find that it was because of his patience. Due to this, Allah [Azza Wa Jall ]praised him because of it [his patience] in His statement: “Truly, We found him patient. How excellent a slave ! Verily he was ever oft returning in repentance (to us).” [Source ‘Qur`an Surat Saad 38:44]
So He made Ayyub [‘Alayhis Salaam] an example for the slaves when calamities befall them.”